Day 36-Affirmative & Negative Sentences

Affirmative & Negative Sentences – Telugu Medium Teaching Notes

Topic Introduction పాఠ్య విషయ పరిచయం

📘 English Definition

Affirmative sentences are sentences that state a positive fact, action, or idea — they say that something is or does happen. Negative sentences are sentences that deny, refuse, or state that something is not the case — they use words like not, never, no to negate the meaning.

📗 Telugu వివరణ

అంగీకార వాక్యాలు (Affirmative Sentences) అనేవి ఒక విషయాన్ని సత్యంగా లేదా జరిగినట్లుగా చెప్పే వాక్యాలు. నిరాకరణ వాక్యాలు (Negative Sentences) అనేవి ఒక విషయాన్ని నిరాకరించే లేదా జరగలేదని చెప్పే వాక్యాలు. ఇవి not, never, no వంటి పదాలు ఉపయోగించి వాక్యాల అర్థాన్ని తిరస్కరిస్తాయి.

⭐

Why is this important? Understanding affirmative and negative sentences is the foundation of English grammar. Every sentence you write or speak in daily life, exams, and conversations is either affirmative or negative. Mastering this topic helps you transform sentences correctly in all tenses — a key skill tested in every Board exam.

Key Concepts Table ముఖ్యమైన పదాలు

English Term	Telugu Meaning	Example
Affirmative Sentence	అంగీకార వాక్యంPositive statement	Ravi goes to school. ✓ AFF
Negative Sentence	నిరాకరణ వాక్యంDenial / refusal	Ravi does not go to school. ✗ NEG
Auxiliary Verb	సహాయక క్రియHelping verb	is, am, are, was, were, do, does, did, has, have, had, will, can, shall…
Negation	నిరాకరణMaking something negative	Adding “not” after the auxiliary verb
Contraction	సంక్షిప్తంShortened form	is not → isn’t, do not → don’t, will not → won’t
Subject	కర్తWho performs the action	Sita sings a song. (Sita = subject)
Predicate	విధేయంWhat is said about the subject	Sita sings a song. (sings a song = predicate)

Main Content — Rules & Explanation నియమాలు మరియు వివరణ

Using “is / am / are” — Present Tense (Be Verb)

In simple present tense, when the verb is, am, are is used, place not directly after the verb to make it negative.

Present tense లో is, am, are వాడినప్పుడు, వాటి తర్వాత “not” అనే పదాన్ని జోడిస్తే వాక్యం negative అవుతుంది.

Affirmative: Subject + is/am/are + rest of sentence
Negative : Subject + is/am/are + NOT + rest of sentence

✅ Ravi is a good student.

❌ Ravi is not a good student.

✅ The Krishna river is very wide.

❌ The Krishna river is not very wide.

Using “do / does” — Simple Present Tense (Action Verbs)

When the sentence has an action verb (go, eat, play, read…), we use do not / does not to make it negative. Use does not with He/She/It/Name; use do not with I/We/You/They.

Action verb వాడినప్పుడు, He/She/It కి does not, మిగతా వాటికి do not వాడతాము. Negative లో మూల క్రియ (verb) యొక్క ‘s/es’ తీసివేయాలి.

He/She/It: Subject + DOES NOT + verb (base form) + rest
I/We/You/They: Subject + DO NOT + verb (base form) + rest

✅ Sita reads books every day.

❌ Sita does not read books every day.

✅ We play cricket near Ongole stadium.

❌ We do not play cricket near Ongole stadium.

Using “was / were” — Simple Past Tense (Be Verb)

For past tense with was/were, simply add not after was/were to negate the sentence.

Past tense లో was/were వాడినప్పుడు, వాటి తర్వాత “not” జోడించి negative చేస్తాము.

Affirmative: Subject + was/were + rest
Negative : Subject + was/were + NOT + rest

✅ Ravi was at school yesterday.

❌ Ravi was not at school yesterday.

✅ The farmers were happy after the rain.

❌ The farmers were not happy after the rain.

Using “did” — Simple Past Tense (Action Verbs)

For past tense with action verbs, use did not before the base form of the verb. The main verb must return to its base (v1) form — never use the past form (v2) after “did not.”

“did not” తర్వాత verb యొక్క base form (v1) మాత్రమే వాడాలి. V2 form వాడకూడదు — ఇది చాలా ముఖ్యమైన నియమం!

Affirmative: Subject + V2 (past form) + rest
Negative : Subject + DID NOT + V1 (base form) + rest

✅ Gopal went to Tirupati last week.

❌ Gopal did not go to Tirupati last week.

✅ Sita cooked rice for the family.

❌ Sita did not cook rice for the family.

Using “will / shall / can / may” — Modal Verbs

Modal verbs (will, shall, can, may, must, should) are negated by placing not immediately after the modal verb.

will, shall, can, may, must, should వంటి modals తర్వాత “not” జోడించి negative చేస్తాము. ఆ తర్వాత verb base form లో ఉంటుంది.

Affirmative: Subject + Modal + V1 + rest
Negative : Subject + Modal + NOT + V1 + rest

✅ Ravi will come to the school function.

❌ Ravi will not come to the school function.

✅ We can swim in the Krishna river.

❌ We cannot swim in the Krishna river.

Quick Reference: Affirmative vs Negative Comparison Table

Tense	✅ Affirmative	❌ Negative
Simple Present (is/am/are)	She is a teacher.	She is not a teacher.
Simple Present (action verb)	He plays cricket.	He does not play cricket.
Simple Present (I/We/They)	They eat rice.	They do not eat rice.
Simple Past (was/were)	He was happy.	He was not happy.
Simple Past (action verb)	She sang a song.	She did not sing a song.
Future (will)	I will go to school.	I will not go to school.
Modal (can)	She can speak English.	She cannot speak English.

Detailed Examples వివరణాత్మక ఉదాహరణలు

Example 1

✅ Ravi is a student at Ongole Government School.

రవి ఒంగోలు ప్రభుత్వ పాఠశాలలో విద్యార్థి.

🔹 is → is not (Present Be verb negative)

Example 2

❌ Ravi is not a student at Ongole Government School.

రవి ఒంగోలు ప్రభుత్వ పాఠశాలలో విద్యార్థి కాదు.

🔹 is + not → negation of Be verb

Example 3

✅ Sita sings classical songs at the temple festival.

సీత గుడి ఉత్సవంలో శాస్త్రీయ పాటలు పాడుతుంది.

🔹 Action verb (sings) → does not sing (3rd person singular)

Example 4

❌ Sita does not sing classical songs at the temple festival.

సీత గుడి ఉత్సవంలో శాస్త్రీయ పాటలు పాడదు.

🔹 does not + sing (base form, NOT sings)

Example 5

✅ The children played near the Krishna river bank.

పిల్లలు కృష్ణా నది ఒడ్డున ఆడారు.

🔹 Past action verb (played) → did not play

Example 6

❌ The children did not play near the Krishna river bank.

పిల్లలు కృష్ణా నది ఒడ్డున ఆడలేదు.

🔹 did not + play (v1, not played)

Example 7

✅ My grandmother will visit Tirupati this summer.

మా అమ్మమ్మ ఈ వేసవిలో తిరుపతి వెళ్తుంది.

🔹 will + visit → will not + visit (future negative)

Example 8

❌ My grandmother will not visit Tirupati this summer.

మా అమ్మమ్మ ఈ వేసవిలో తిరుపతి వెళ్ళదు.

🔹 will not + base verb = future negative

Example 9

✅ Gopal can speak English and Telugu fluently.

గోపాల్ ఇంగ్లీష్ మరియు తెలుగు అనర్గళంగా మాట్లాడగలడు.

🔹 can → cannot (modal negative)

Example 10

❌ Gopal cannot speak English and Telugu fluently.

గోపాల్ ఇంగ్లీష్ మరియు తెలుగు అనర్గళంగా మాట్లాడలేడు.

🔹 cannot = can + not (written as one word)

Practice Exercise సాధన అభ్యాసాలు

Fill in the Blank Ravi _______ (is / is not) a farmer. He is a teacher. (Choose the correct option)

Transform to Negative Sita reads the newspaper every morning. → Sita _______ the newspaper every morning.

Transform to Negative They played cricket in Ongole yesterday. → They _______ cricket in Ongole yesterday.

Identify Which of the following is an Affirmative sentence?
a) Ravi does not go to school. b) Sita sings a song. c) We cannot swim.

Fill in the Blank The students _______ (did not went / did not go) to the field trip. (Choose correct)

Transform to Affirmative Gopal was not present in the class. → Gopal _______ present in the class.

Transform to Negative My father will attend the Ugadi celebration. → My father _______ the Ugadi celebration.

Correct the Error “She does not sings.” — Find and correct the mistake.

Transform to Negative Lakshmi can cook delicious pulihora. → Lakshmi _______ delicious pulihora.

True or False “I am not a student” is a Negative sentence. (True / False)

✅ Answer Key — సమాధానాలు

Q1. is not

Q2. does not read

Q3. did not play

Q4. b) Sita sings a song

Q5. did not go

Q6. was present

Q7. will not attend

Q8. does not sing

Q9. cannot cook

Q10. True

Practice Sentences నమూనా వాక్యాలు

1. Ravi goes to the market every Sunday. / Ravi does not go to the market every Sunday.

రవి ప్రతి ఆదివారం మార్కెట్‌కు వెళ్తాడు. / రవి ప్రతి ఆదివారం మార్కెట్‌కు వెళ్ళడు.

2. The mango trees in Ongole are very tall. / The mango trees in Ongole are not very tall.

ఒంగోలులోని మామిడి చెట్లు చాలా ఎత్తుగా ఉన్నాయి. / ఒంగోలులోని మామిడి చెట్లు చాలా ఎత్తుగా లేవు.

3. Sita cooked biryani for the festival. / Sita did not cook biryani for the festival.

సీత పండుగ కోసం బిర్యానీ వండింది. / సీత పండుగ కోసం బిర్యానీ వండలేదు.

4. We will travel to Vijayawada by train. / We will not travel to Vijayawada by train.

మేము రైలులో విజయవాడకు వెళ్తాము. / మేము రైలులో విజయవాడకు వెళ్ళము.

5. Krishna can ride a bicycle to school. / Krishna cannot ride a bicycle to school.

కృష్ణ పాఠశాలకు సైకిల్‌పై వెళ్ళగలడు. / కృష్ణ పాఠశాలకు సైకిల్‌పై వెళ్ళలేడు.

Memory Tip గుర్తు పెట్టుకోండి

🧠

The “AVOID” Formula

Auxiliary verb → find it first
Verb base form after “not”
Only add “not” after auxiliary
Identify subject (He/She/It = does)
Do not use V2 after “did not”

గుర్తు పెట్టుకోండి: Negative వాక్యంలో ఎల్లప్పుడూ auxiliary verb తర్వాత “not” వస్తుంది. “did not” తర్వాత ఎప్పుడూ verb యొక్క base form (V1) మాత్రమే వాడాలి — went, played, cooked వంటి V2 forms వాడకూడదు. ఈ ఒక్క నియమం గుర్తు పెట్టుకుంటే పరీక్షలో తప్పులు తగ్గుతాయి!

Common Errors by Telugu Students తెలుగు విద్యార్థులు చేసే సాధారణ తప్పులు

⚠️ Error 1: Using V2 after “did not”

❌ She did not went to school yesterday.

✅ She did not go to school yesterday.

“did not” తర్వాత “went” (V2) వాడకూడదు. “go” (V1) వాడాలి. “did” ఒక్కటే past tense ని చూపిస్తుంది.

⚠️ Error 2: Keeping ‘s/es’ after “does not”

❌ Ravi does not plays cricket.

✅ Ravi does not play cricket.

“does not” తర్వాత verb కు ‘s/es’ వేయకూడదు. “does” ఇప్పటికే 3rd person singular ని సూచిస్తుంది.

⚠️ Error 3: Writing “cannot” as two words incorrectly

❌ She can not come. (spacing is wrong in formal writing)

✅ She cannot come. (one word — standard usage)

“cannot” అనే పదం ఒక్క పదంగా రాయాలి. “can not” రెండు పదాలుగా రాస్తే అది informal గా మాత్రమే ఉంటుంది. Standard English లో “cannot” ఒక్క పదం.

⚠️ Error 4: Using “not” without an auxiliary verb

❌ Sita not sings a song. / They not play cricket.

✅ Sita does not sing a song. / They do not play cricket.

తెలుగులో “కాదు” నేరుగా జోడించగలం, కానీ English లో “not” ని ఒంటరిగా వాడలేం. దాని ముందు auxiliary verb (do/does/did/is/are/was/were/will/can) తప్పనిసరి.

Affirmative & Negative Sentences