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Finite and Non-finite Verbs
Introduction to Finite and Non-finite Verbs
In English grammar, verbs are categorized into two types: finite and non-finite. Understanding these types is essential for proper sentence construction and verb usage.
Finite Verbs
Finite verbs are verbs that have a subject and show tense. They change form according to the subject and the time of action.
– She writes every day.
– They are going to the market.
– He slept for eight hours.
Non-finite Verbs
Non-finite verbs do not show tense and do not change according to the subject. They are usually used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. Non-finite verbs include infinitives, gerunds, and participles.
Types of Non-finite Verbs
1. Infinitives
Infinitives are the base form of the verb, usually preceded by “to.” They can function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs.
– To learn is important.
– She has a plan to travel.
– He came to help.
2. Gerunds
Gerunds are the -ing form of a verb used as a noun. They can act as subjects, objects, or complements in a sentence.
– Running is a good exercise.
– She enjoys swimming.
– His hobby is reading.
3. Participles
Participles are verb forms used as adjectives. There are two types: present participles (ending in -ing) and past participles (usually ending in -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n).
Present Participles
Present participles end in -ing and are used to describe an ongoing action related to the noun they modify.
– The smiling child is my nephew.
– We saw a running horse.
Past Participles
Past participles often end in -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n and describe a completed action or state related to the noun they modify.
– The broken vase was expensive.
– She has finished her work.
– The fallen leaves covered the ground.
Summary
Understanding the difference between finite and non-finite verbs, as well as the types of non-finite verbs, is crucial for mastering English grammar. Finite verbs change according to the subject and tense, while non-finite verbs remain unchanged and function as other parts of speech such as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs.