Class 6–10 · Telugu Medium · English Grammar
Reported Speech
ప్రత్యక్ష & పరోక్ష కథనం
💬 DIRECT SPEECH
ప్రత్యక్ష కథనం
⇄
🗣️ INDIRECT SPEECH
పరోక్ష కథనం
📖 Tense Backshift Tables
✍️ 10 Practice Questions
💡 Statement · Question · Command
⚠️ Common Errors
1. Topic Introduction
పాఠ్యాంశ పరిచయం🇬🇧 English Definition
Direct Speech repeats the speaker’s exact words inside quotation marks (” “).
Indirect (Reported) Speech reports what someone said without quoting their exact words. The tense usually shifts back, pronouns change, and quotation marks are removed. A reporting verb (said, told, asked…) is used.
🇮🇳 Telugu వివరణ
Direct Speech (ప్రత్యక్ష కథనం) లో వేరే వ్యక్తి చెప్పిన మాటలను అచ్చంగా quotes లో చెప్తాం. Indirect Speech (పరోక్ష కథనం) లో వేరే వ్యక్తి చెప్పింది మన సొంత మాటలలో చెప్తాం — quotes వాడకుండా. ఇందులో verb యొక్క కాలం వెనుకకు మారుతుంది, pronouns మారతాయి మరియు “that” అనే పదం వస్తుంది.
💬 Direct vs Indirect — వాక్య నిర్మాణం చూడండి
✅ Direct Speech — ప్రత్యక్ష కథనం
Ravi said, “I am happy.”
రవి అన్నాడు, “నేను సంతోషంగా ఉన్నాను.”
→ Exact words in quotes (” “)
→ Comma after said
→ Capital letter inside quotes
→ Comma after said
→ Capital letter inside quotes
🔄 Indirect Speech — పరోక్ష కథనం
Ravi said that he was happy.
రవి అతను సంతోషంగా ఉన్నాడని చెప్పాడు.
→ No quotes, add “that”
→ I → he (pronoun change)
→ am → was (tense backshift)
→ I → he (pronoun change)
→ am → was (tense backshift)
Why is this important? — Reported Speech appears in every English exam from Class 6 to Class 12 and in competitive exams. Stories, newspapers, conversations — అన్నీ Reported Speech వాడతాయి. ఈ topic నేర్చుకుంటే English లో conversations మరియు writing చాలా natural గా అవుతాయి!
2. Key Concepts Table
ముఖ్యమైన పదాలు మరియు అర్థాలు| English Term | Telugu Meaning | Role / Function | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| Direct Speech | ప్రత్యక్ష కథనంఅచ్చమైన మాటలు quotes లో | Exact words | She said, “I am tired.” |
| Indirect Speech | పరోక్ష కథనంసొంత మాటలలో నివేదించడం | Reported words | She said that she was tired. |
| Reporting Verb | నివేదన క్రియsaid, told, asked, ordered… | Links speaker to speech | Ravi said / told / asked… |
| Tense Backshift | కాల వెనుకపడటంDirect లో verb ఒక step వెనుకకు వెళ్తుంది | Tense changes | is → was | ate → had eaten |
| Pronoun Change | సర్వనామ మార్పుI, we, you మారతాయి | Person shifts | I → he/she | we → they |
| Conjunction “that” | సంధాన పదం “that”statements లో వాడతాం | Connects clauses | He said that he was happy. |
| Reported Question | పరోక్ష ప్రశ్నప్రశ్నను indirectly చెప్పడం | Indirect question | She asked where Ravi lived. |
3. Main Content — Rules & Explanation
నియమాలు మరియు వివరణ⏰ Tense Backshift Table — కాల మార్పుల పట్టిక
| Direct Speech Tense | → | Indirect Speech Tense | Example Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Simple Presentసాధారణ వర్తమానం | → | Simple Pastసాధారణ భూతం | is/am/are → was/were |
| Simple Past | → | Past Perfect | ate / went → had eaten / had gone |
| Present Continuous | → | Past Continuous | is eating → was eating |
| Present Perfect | → | Past Perfect | has eaten → had eaten |
| will | → | would | will come → would come |
| can | → | could | can swim → could swim |
| may | → | might | may come → might come |
📅 Time & Place Word Changes — సమయ/స్థల పదాల మార్పులు
| Direct Speech | → | Indirect Speech |
|---|---|---|
| now | → | then |
| today | → | that day |
| yesterday | → | the previous day / the day before |
| tomorrow | → | the next day / the following day |
| here | → | there |
| this | → | that |
| these | → | those |
| last week | → | the previous week |
| next week | → | the following week |
1Statements — Assertive Sentences (సాధారణ వాక్యాల మార్పిడి)
For statements, change:
① Reporting verb → said / told (said that = no object; told + person + that)
② Remove quotes → add “that”
③ Change tense (backshift)
④ Change pronouns (I → he/she, we → they)
⑤ Change time/place words
① Reporting verb → said / told (said that = no object; told + person + that)
② Remove quotes → add “that”
③ Change tense (backshift)
④ Change pronouns (I → he/she, we → they)
⑤ Change time/place words
సాధారణ వాక్యాలలో: quotes తీసివేసి “that” పెట్టండి. Verb ని ఒక step వెనుకకు మార్చండి. I→he/she, we→they గా pronouns మార్చండి.
Direct: Ravi said, “I am studying for the exam.”
Indirect: Ravi said that he was studying for the exam.
Indirect: Ravi said that he was studying for the exam.
రవి చెప్పాడు తను పరీక్షకు చదువుతున్నాడని. | I→he, am studying→was studying
Direct: Sita told me, “I will visit the Krishna river tomorrow.”
Indirect: Sita told me that she would visit the Krishna river the next day.
Indirect: Sita told me that she would visit the Krishna river the next day.
సీత నాకు చెప్పింది తాను మర్నాడు కృష్ణా నదిని సందర్శిస్తానని. | I→she, will→would, tomorrow→the next day
| Reporting Verb | Use with | Example |
|---|---|---|
| said | No object (said that…) | He said that he was tired. |
| told | Must have object (told me/him/her…) | He told me that he was tired. |
2Yes/No Questions (అవును/కాదు ప్రశ్నల మార్పిడి)
For Yes/No questions in Indirect Speech:
① Reporting verb → asked
② Add if / whether (instead of “that”)
③ Change question word order to normal sentence order (Subject + Verb)
④ Remove question mark (?)
⑤ Apply tense backshift and pronoun changes
① Reporting verb → asked
② Add if / whether (instead of “that”)
③ Change question word order to normal sentence order (Subject + Verb)
④ Remove question mark (?)
⑤ Apply tense backshift and pronoun changes
అవును/కాదు ప్రశ్నలకు: “asked” వాడు, “if/whether” పెట్టు, ప్రశ్న క్రమాన్ని మామూలు వాక్య క్రమంగా మార్చు, తెలుగు లో “వచ్చాడా లేదా” అనే అర్థం వస్తుంది.
Direct: The teacher asked, “Did you complete the homework?”
Indirect: The teacher asked whether I had completed the homework.
Indirect: The teacher asked whether I had completed the homework.
మాష్టారు అడిగారు నేను హోంవర్క్ పూర్తి చేశానా లేదా అని. | Did complete→had completed, ? removed
Direct: Sita asked Ravi, “Are you going to Ongole?”
Indirect: Sita asked Ravi if he was going to Ongole.
Indirect: Sita asked Ravi if he was going to Ongole.
సీత రవిని అడిగింది అతను ఒంగోలుకు వెళ్తున్నాడా అని. | are going→was going
3Wh- Questions (ప్రశ్నార్థక పదాల వాక్యాల మార్పిడి)
For Wh- questions (what, where, when, who, why, how):
① Reporting verb → asked
② Keep the wh- word as the connector (no “that” or “if”)
③ Change question word order → normal sentence order (Subject + Verb)
④ Apply tense backshift and pronoun changes
① Reporting verb → asked
② Keep the wh- word as the connector (no “that” or “if”)
③ Change question word order → normal sentence order (Subject + Verb)
④ Apply tense backshift and pronoun changes
what, where, when, who, why, how తో వచ్చే ప్రశ్నలకు: “asked” వాడు, wh-word ని connector గా వాడు, ప్రశ్న క్రమాన్ని మామూలు వాక్య క్రమంగా మార్చు.
Direct: Ravi asked, “Where do you live?”
Indirect: Ravi asked where I lived.
Indirect: Ravi asked where I lived.
రవి నేను ఎక్కడ నివసిస్తున్నానో అడిగాడు. | where kept, do live→lived, order: where + I + lived
Direct: Mother asked, “What are you eating?”
Indirect: Mother asked what I was eating.
Indirect: Mother asked what I was eating.
అమ్మ నేను ఏమి తింటున్నానో అడిగింది. | are eating→was eating
4Commands, Requests & Advice (ఆదేశాలు, అభ్యర్థనలు, సూచనలు)
For commands/requests/advice in Indirect Speech:
① Use reporting verbs: ordered, told, asked, requested, advised, warned
② Structure: Reporting verb + object + to + infinitive (for positive)
③ Structure: Reporting verb + object + not to + infinitive (for negative)
④ No “that” used — direct to-infinitive
① Use reporting verbs: ordered, told, asked, requested, advised, warned
② Structure: Reporting verb + object + to + infinitive (for positive)
③ Structure: Reporting verb + object + not to + infinitive (for negative)
④ No “that” used — direct to-infinitive
ఆదేశాలు/అభ్యర్థనలకు: told/asked/ordered + person + to + V1 (positive), not to + V1 (negative). “that” వాడకూడదు.
Direct: Teacher said, “Open your books.”
Indirect: Teacher told the students to open their books.
Indirect: Teacher told the students to open their books.
మాష్టారు విద్యార్థులకు పుస్తకాలు తెరవమని చెప్పారు.
Direct: Mother said, “Don’t waste food.”
Indirect: Mother told us not to waste food.
Indirect: Mother told us not to waste food.
అమ్మ మనకు ఆహారం వృధా చేయవద్దని చెప్పింది.
| Situation | Reporting Verb | Structure |
|---|---|---|
| Order (ఆదేశం) | ordered | ordered him to leave |
| Request (అభ్యర్థన) | requested / asked | asked her to help |
| Advice (సూచన) | advised | advised him to study |
| Warning (హెచ్చరిక) | warned | warned them not to go |
| Forbid (నిషేధం) | forbade / told | told him not to smoke |
5Pronoun Changes in Reported Speech (సర్వనామ మార్పులు)
Pronouns in the quoted speech change depending on who is speaking and who is being spoken to. Always analyse the context carefully!
Pronouns ఎవరు మాట్లాడుతున్నారో మరియు ఎవరితో మాట్లాడుతున్నారో బట్టి మారతాయి. Context ను జాగ్రత్తగా పరిశీలించండి.
| In Direct Speech | Changes to (Indirect) | Context |
|---|---|---|
| I | he / she | Depends on speaker’s gender |
| we | they | Depends on who “we” refers to |
| my | his / her | Possessive changes with person |
| you (listener) | I / he / she / they | Depends on who “you” was addressing |
| me | him / her | Object pronoun changes |
| our | their | Possessive plural |
| myself | himself / herself | Reflexive pronoun |
Direct: Ravi said, “I love my village.”
Indirect: Ravi said that he loved his village.
Indirect: Ravi said that he loved his village.
I→he, my→his, love→loved (tense backshift)
6When Tense Does NOT Change — Exceptions (Tense మారని సందర్భాలు)
Tense backshift is NOT needed when:
① The reporting verb is in Present or Future tense (says, will say).
② The reported speech is a universal truth / fact (The sun rises in the east).
③ The reported speech is a historical fact.
① The reporting verb is in Present or Future tense (says, will say).
② The reported speech is a universal truth / fact (The sun rises in the east).
③ The reported speech is a historical fact.
Reporting verb Present/Future లో ఉన్నప్పుడు, లేదా చెప్పిన విషయం universal truth/fact అయినప్పుడు tense మార్చనవసరం లేదు.
Direct: The teacher said, “The earth revolves around the sun.”
Indirect: The teacher said that the earth revolves around the sun. ✅ (Universal truth — no change!)
Indirect: The teacher said that the earth revolves around the sun. ✅ (Universal truth — no change!)
సూర్యుని చుట్టూ భూమి తిరుగుతుందని గురువు చెప్పారు. Tense మారదు — Universal Truth!
Reporting verb is Present: He says that he is busy. ✅ (says = present → no backshift needed)
అతను busy గా ఉన్నాడని చెప్తున్నాడు. “says” present tense కాబట్టి tense మారదు.
4. Detailed Examples
వివరణాత్మక ఉదాహరణలు1
Statement — Simple Present → Simple Past
💬 Direct
Ravi said, “I eat rice every day.”
రవి అన్నాడు, “నేను ప్రతిరోజు అన్నం తింటాను.”
🗣️ Indirect
Ravi said that he ate rice every day.
రవి తాను ప్రతిరోజు అన్నం తింటాడని చెప్పాడు.
📝 I→he | eat→ate (Simple Present → Simple Past) | “that” added | no quotes
2
Statement — will → would + time change
💬 Direct
Sita said, “I will go to Ongole tomorrow.”
సీత అంది, “నేను రేపు ఒంగోలుకు వెళ్తాను.”
🗣️ Indirect
Sita said that she would go to Ongole the next day.
సీత తాను మర్నాడు ఒంగోలుకు వెళ్తానని చెప్పింది.
📝 I→she | will go→would go | tomorrow→the next day
3
Statement — said vs told
💬 Direct
Ravi told me, “I have finished my project.”
రవి నాకు చెప్పాడు, “నేను నా ప్రాజెక్ట్ పూర్తి చేశాను.”
🗣️ Indirect
Ravi told me that he had finished his project.
రవి నాకు చెప్పాడు తాను తన ప్రాజెక్ట్ పూర్తి చేశాడని.
📝 told + me (object needed) | has finished→had finished | I→he, my→his
4
Yes/No Question — if/whether
💬 Direct
Sita asked Ravi, “Did you swim in the Krishna river?”
సీత రవిని అడిగింది, “నువ్వు కృష్ణా నదిలో ఈదావా?”
🗣️ Indirect
Sita asked Ravi whether he had swum in the Krishna river.
సీత రవిని అతను కృష్ణా నదిలో ఈదాడా లేదా అని అడిగింది.
📝 asked + whether/if | Did swim→had swum | you→he | word order: he had swum (not had he swum)
5
Wh- Question — where
💬 Direct
The teacher asked, “Where do you live?”
మాష్టారు అడిగారు, “నువ్వు ఎక్కడ నివసిస్తావు?”
🗣️ Indirect
The teacher asked where I lived.
మాష్టారు నేను ఎక్కడ నివసిస్తానో అడిగారు.
📝 where kept as connector | do live→lived | you→I | normal word order: where + I + lived
6
Command (Positive) — to + infinitive
💬 Direct
Father said, “Study well for the examinations.”
నాన్న అన్నారు, “పరీక్షల కోసం బాగా చదువు.”
🗣️ Indirect
Father told me to study well for the examinations.
నాన్న నాకు పరీక్షల కోసం బాగా చదువమని చెప్పారు.
📝 told + me + to + study | No “that” for commands | No tense backshift needed
7
Command (Negative) — not to + infinitive
💬 Direct
The teacher said to the students, “Don’t talk in class.”
మాష్టారు విద్యార్థులకు అన్నారు, “తరగతిలో మాట్లాడకండి.”
🗣️ Indirect
The teacher told the students not to talk in class.
మాష్టారు విద్యార్థులకు తరగతిలో మాట్లాడవద్దని చెప్పారు.
📝 Don’t → not to (negative command). told + students + not to + talk.
8
Universal Truth — No tense change
💬 Direct
The science teacher said, “Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.”
సైన్స్ మాష్టారు అన్నారు, “నీరు 100 డిగ్రీల వద్ద మరుగుతుంది.”
🗣️ Indirect
The science teacher said that water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
సైన్స్ మాష్టారు నీరు 100 డిగ్రీల వద్ద మరుగుతుందని చెప్పారు.
📝 Universal Truth → tense stays the same! boils → boils (NOT boiled)
9
Request — politely asked
💬 Direct
Ravi said to Sita, “Please help me with this problem.”
రవి సీతకు చెప్పాడు, “దయచేసి ఈ సమస్యలో నాకు సహాయం చేయి.”
🗣️ Indirect
Ravi requested Sita to help him with that problem.
రవి సీతను ఆ సమస్యలో తనకు సహాయం చేయమని అభ్యర్థించాడు.
📝 Please + verb → requested + to help | me→him | this→that
10
Wh- Question — why + Present Continuous
💬 Direct
Amma asked me, “Why are you crying?”
అమ్మ నన్ను అడిగింది, “నువ్వు ఎందుకు ఏడుస్తున్నావు?”
🗣️ Indirect
Amma asked me why I was crying.
అమ్మ నేను ఎందుకు ఏడుస్తున్నానో అడిగింది.
📝 why kept | are crying→was crying | you→I | normal order: why + I + was crying
5. Practice Exercise
అభ్యాస వ్యాయామాలు📌 Change the following sentences as directed. | సూచించిన విధంగా వాక్యాలు మార్చండి.
Q1. Direct → Indirect (Statement):
Ravi said, “I am eating biryani.”
Indirect Speech లో మార్చండి.
Q2. Direct → Indirect (Statement with “told”):
Sita told me, “I will visit the temple tomorrow.”
Q3. Direct → Indirect (Yes/No Question):
The teacher asked Ravi, “Have you done your homework?”
Q4. Direct → Indirect (Wh- Question):
Father asked, “Where are you going?”
Q5. Direct → Indirect (Command — positive):
The doctor said to Ravi, “Take this medicine twice a day.”
Q6. Direct → Indirect (Command — negative):
Mother said, “Don’t eat too many sweets.”
Q7. Indirect → Direct:
Sita said that she had seen the Krishna river that day.
Direct Speech లో మార్చండి.
Q8. Choose the correct form:
Ravi said that he _______ (goes / went / had gone) to Ongole the previous day.
Q9. Identify the error and correct it:
“He asked me that where did I live.” — Find the mistake!
తప్పు ఏమిటి? సరైన వాక్యం రాయండి.
Q10. Universal Truth — Direct → Indirect:
The geography teacher said, “The Krishna river flows into the Bay of Bengal.”
✅ Answer Key — సమాధానాలు
Q1
Ravi said that he was eating biryani.
Q2
Sita told me that she would visit the temple the next day.
Q3
The teacher asked Ravi whether he had done his homework.
Q4
Father asked where I was going.
Q5
The doctor told Ravi to take that medicine twice a day.
Q6
Mother told us not to eat too many sweets.
Q7
Sita said, “I have seen the Krishna river today.”
Q8
had gone (Simple Past → Past Perfect)
Q9
Remove “that”; fix word order: “He asked me where I lived.”
Q10
The geography teacher said that the Krishna river flows into the Bay of Bengal. (Universal fact — tense unchanged)
6. Practice Sentences — Model Pairs
నమూనా వాక్య జంటలు1
Statement — Past Tense → Past Perfect
💬 Direct
Ravi said, “I won the first prize in the Ongole school competition.”
రవి అన్నాడు, “నేను ఒంగోలు పాఠశాల పోటీలో మొదటి బహుమతి గెలుచుకున్నాను.”
🗣️ Indirect
Ravi said that he had won the first prize in the Ongole school competition.
రవి తాను ఒంగోలు పాఠశాల పోటీలో మొదటి బహుమతి గెలుచుకున్నాడని చెప్పాడు.
2
Question — Wh- (what)
💬 Direct
Sita asked me, “What did you cook for the Ugadi festival?”
సీత నన్ను అడిగింది, “నువ్వు ఉగాది పండుగకు ఏమి వండావు?”
🗣️ Indirect
Sita asked me what I had cooked for the Ugadi festival.
సీత నేను ఉగాది పండుగకు ఏమి వండానో అడిగింది.
3
Command / Advice
💬 Direct
The teacher said to Ravi, “Always respect your elders.”
మాష్టారు రవికి చెప్పారు, “ఎల్లప్పుడూ పెద్దవారిని గౌరవించు.”
🗣️ Indirect
The teacher advised Ravi to always respect his elders.
మాష్టారు రవిని ఎల్లప్పుడూ పెద్దవారిని గౌరవించమని సలహా ఇచ్చారు.
4
Yes/No Question — whether
💬 Direct
Amma asked father, “Will you come home early today?”
అమ్మ నాన్నను అడిగింది, “నువ్వు ఈరోజు ముందే ఇంటికి వస్తావా?”
🗣️ Indirect
Amma asked father whether he would come home early that day.
అమ్మ నాన్నను ఆ రోజు ముందే ఇంటికి వస్తాడా లేదా అని అడిగింది.
5
Negative Command — warning
💬 Direct
The guard said to the children, “Don’t go near the Krishna river alone.”
కాపలాదారు పిల్లలకు చెప్పాడు, “ఒంటరిగా కృష్ణా నది దగ్గరకు వెళ్ళకండి.”
🗣️ Indirect
The guard warned the children not to go near the Krishna river alone.
కాపలాదారు పిల్లలను ఒంటరిగా కృష్ణా నది దగ్గరకు వెళ్ళవద్దని హెచ్చరించాడు.
7. Memory Tip
గుర్తు పెట్టుకోండి!
📞
“TPPC” — The 4-Change Rule for Reported Speech!
T
TENSE — Step Back!
కాలం ఒక step వెనుకకు వెళ్తుంది
P
PRONOUN — Changes!
I→he/she, we→they, you→I/he
P
PLACE/TIME words shift
now→then, today→that day
C
CONNECTOR added
that / if / whether / wh-word
🎬 Think of it like a Telugu telephone conversation:
Ravi calls and says: “I am eating pesarattu now.”
You tell others: “Ravi said that he was eating pesarattu then.”
📌 Quick Type Guide:
Statement → said/told + that
Yes/No Q → asked + if/whether
Wh- Q → asked + wh-word
Command → told/ordered/advised + to/not to
💡 గుర్తు ఉంచుకో — TPPC: T=Tense వెనుకకు, P=Pronouns మారతాయి, P=Place/Time పదాలు మారతాయి, C=Connector (that/if/wh-word) వస్తుంది. ప్రశ్నలకు “that” వాడకు — “if/whether” లేదా wh-word వాడు. Commands కు “to/not to” వాడు.
8. Common Errors by Telugu Students
తెలుగు విద్యార్థులు చేసే సాధారణ తప్పులు❌ Error 1: Using “that” in reported questions instead of if/whether or wh-word
❌ Wrong
She asked me that where I lived.
✅ Correct
She asked me where I lived.
“That” is only used for statements. For Wh- questions, use the wh-word directly (where, what, why…). For Yes/No questions, use “if” or “whether”. Never combine “that” with a wh-word.
Statements కు “that” వాడతాం. Wh-questions కు directly wh-word వాడాలి. Yes/No questions కు “if/whether” వాడాలి. “that where” అని కలిపి రాయకూడదు.
❌ Error 2: Keeping question word order in indirect questions
❌ Wrong
He asked where did I live.
✅ Correct
He asked where I lived.
In indirect questions, the word order must be normal (Subject + Verb), NOT question order (Verb + Subject). “where did I live” is direct question order. In indirect speech, it must be “where I lived” — Subject first, then verb.
Indirect question లో word order normal వాక్యం లాగే ఉండాలి. “did I live” కాదు — “I lived” అని రాయాలి. Subject ముందు, verb తర్వాత.
❌ Error 3: Not changing pronouns — keeping “I” or “my” in reported speech
❌ Wrong
Ravi said that I was going home.
Sita said thatmy book was lost.
Sita said that
✅ Correct
Ravi said that he was going home.
Sita said that her book was lost.
Sita said that her book was lost.
When reporting someone else’s speech, change the first-person pronouns (I, my, me, we, our) to third person (he/she/his/her/him/they/their). Telugu students often forget to change pronouns, especially “my” → “his/her”.
Direct Speech లో “I, my, me, we, our” అంటే వేరే వ్యక్తి చెప్పిన మాటలు కాబట్టి Indirect లో “he/she, his/her, him/her, they, their” గా మార్చాలి. ఇది చాలా సార్లు మర్చిపోతాం — జాగ్రత్తగా ఉండండి!
❌ Error 4: Using tense backshift for universal truths and current facts
❌ Wrong
Teacher said the sun rose in the east.
✅ Correct
Teacher said the sun rises in the east.
Universal truths, scientific facts, and proverbs do NOT change tense in indirect speech. “The sun rises in the east” is always true — it stays in present tense even in reported speech. Many students incorrectly change “rises” to “rose”.
Universal truths (సూర్యుడు తూర్పున ఉదయిస్తాడు వంటివి) మరియు scientific facts కు tense మార్చకూడదు. “rises” → “rose” చేయడం తప్పు — ఇవి ఎప్పుడూ నిజమే!
📚 Reported Speech (Direct & Indirect) — ప్రత్యక్ష & పరోక్ష కథనం
Bilingual Teaching Notes for Telugu-Medium Students (Class 6–10) · Ongole, Andhra Pradesh